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Stephen IV ((ハンガリー語:IV. István), (クロアチア語:Stjepan IV), (スロバキア語:Štefan IV); 113311 April 1165) was King of Hungary and Croatia, ascending to the throne in 1163 when he usurped the crown of his nephew, Stephen III. He was the third son of Béla II of Hungary, and when his conspiracy against his brother failed, Géza II, he was exiled from Hungary in the summer of 1157. He first sought refuge in the Holy Roman Empire, but received no support from Emperor Frederick I. Shortly afterwards he moved to the Byzantine Empire, where he married a niece of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, Maria Komnene, and converted to the Orthodox Church. After Géza II died on 31 May 1162, Emperor Manuel attempted to assist Stephen against his nephew and namesake, Stephen III, in seizing the crown. Although the Hungarian lords were willing to leave their young monarch, they sharply opposed Stephen and elected his brother, Ladislaus II, king. Ladislaus II granted the ''ducatus'', or duchy, which included one-third of the kingdom, to Stephen. Ladislaus II died on 14 January 1163, and Stephen succeeded him. Lucas, Archbishop of Esztergom, who remained a staunch supporter of the expelled young Stephen III, denied to crown him and excommunicated him. Stephen IV remained unpopular among the Hungarian lords, enabling his nephew to muster an army. In the decisive battle, which was fought at Székesfehérvár on 19 June 1163, the younger Stephen routed his uncle, forcing him once again to flee Hungary. Stephen attempted to regain his crown with the assistance of Manuel I and Frederick I, but both emperors abandoned him. Emperor Manuel settled him in Syrmium, a province acquired from Hungary. He died of poisoning by his nephew's partisans during the siege of Zimony (now Zemun in Serbia). ==Childhood and youth ( 1133–1157)== Stephen was the third son of King Béla the Blind and his wife, Helena of Rascia, born about 1133. The earliest recorded event of Stephen's life occurred during the reign of his oldest brother, Géza II, who succeeded their father on 13 February 1141. King Géza "granted ducal revenues to his brothers",〔''The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle'' (ch. 167.121), p. 139〕 Ladislaus and Stephen, according to the ''Illuminated Chronicle''. While the chronicle does not specify the date of this event, historian Bálint Hóman wrote that it happened in 1146. However, scholars Ferenc Makk and Gyula Kristó claim it was later, in about 1152, at the same time Géza II officially appointed his son, Stephen, as his heir. According to the contemporaneous Rahewin, Stephen was "accused before the king of aspiring to royal power",〔''The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa'' (3.13.), p. 187.〕 along with Stephen's friends, and especially their uncle, Beloš. In fear of being seized and executed by his brother, Stephen sought refuge in the Holy Roman Empire in summer 1157. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stephen IV of Hungary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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